![]() S., and Coauthors, 2015: The MATERHORN: Unraveling the intricacies of mountain weather. Wang, 2016: The surface energy budget and interannual variation of the annual total evaporation over a highland lake in Southwest China. International Journal of Climatology 35(13), 3812–3833. Part I: High-resolution sensitivity simulations. ![]() Karaca, 2015: Investigation of local flow features in Istanbul. International Journal of Climatology 38(13), 4723–4739. Xu, 2018b: Factors controlling evaporation and the CO 2 flux over an open water lake in southwest of China on multiple temporal scales. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, 15087–15104. Wang, 2018a: The monsoon effect on energy and carbon exchange processes over a highland lake in the Southwest of China. McLaren, 2020: Enhanced NO 2 and aerosol extinction observed in the tropospheric column behind lake-breeze fronts using MAX-DOAS. Taylor, 2017: Ground-based observations of the thermodynamic and kinematic properties of lake-breeze fronts in southern Manitoba, Canada. Sills, 2015: A radar-based investigation of lake breezes in southern Manitoba, Canada. Horel, 2016: Winter lake breezes near the Great Salt Lake. Horel, 2012: Idealized large-eddy simulations of Sea and Lake Breezes: Sensitivity to lake diameter, heat flux and stability. Raman, 1992: A three-dimensional numerical sensitivity study of mesoscale circulations induced by circular lakes. Darchambeau, 2014: Carbon cycling of Lake Kivu (East Africa): Net autotrophy in the epilimnion and emission of CO 2 to the atmosphere sustained by geogenic inputs. Fiebig-Wittmaack, 2006: The influence of a storage lake in the Arid Elqui Valley in Chile on local climate. Foken, 2014: Turbulent flux observations and modelling over a shallow lake and a wet grassland in the Nam Co basin, Tibetan Plateau. Juuso, 2006: A study of valley winds using the MIUU meso-scale model. Pop, 2014: Simulations of the influence of lake area on local temperature with the COSMO NWP model. Román-Cascón, 2018: Impacts of afternoon and evening sea-breeze fronts on local turbulence, and on CO 2 and radon-222 transport. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19(7), 4615–4635. de Arellano, 2019: From weak to intense downslope winds: Origin, interaction with boundary-layer turbulence and impact on CO 2 variability. Román-Cascón, 2016: A characterisation of sea-breeze events in the eastern Cantabrian coast (Spain) from observational data and WRF simulations. Laird, 2012: Great Salt Lake-effect precipitation: Observed frequency, characteristics, and associated environmental factors. Results indicate that lakes in mountainous areas promote latent heat mixing but suppress carbon dioxide exchange.Īlcott, T. During daytime breeze events, the lake breeze decreases the sensible heat flux (Hs) and carbon dioxide flux ( \(\boldsymbol\). Daytime breeze events are more intense than N1 events and weaker than N2 events. The prevailing wind directions for daytime, N1, and N2 breeze events are southeast, west, and southeast, respectively. When a cyclonic circulation forms and maintains in the southern part of Erhai Lake at night, its northern branch contributes to the formation of N2 type nighttime breeze events. ![]() The mountain breeze from the Cangshan Mountain range leads to N1 type nighttime breeze events. Lake breezes dominate during the daytime while, due to different prevailing circulations at night, there are two types of nighttime breezes. Based on meteorological and turbulent fluxes data from an eddy covariance observation site at Erhai Lake in the Dali Basin, southwest China, characteristics of daytime and nighttime extended lake breezes and their impacts on energy and carbon dioxide exchange in 2015 are investigated. These extended lake breezes can regulate and control energy and carbon cycles at different scales. In mountainous lake areas, lake-land and mountain-valley breezes interact with each other, leading to an “extended lake breeze”.
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